-a Changes font (not implemented).
-b Allows backspaces to appear in the output
text when underlining or overstriking.
This has the same effect as the .bs
command with a non-zero argument.
-d Set debug mode.
-h Hold screen before desktop (TOS only).
-l Send output to printer (not implemented).
-m<name> Process macro file tmac.<name>. Thus
-man would cause the file tmac.an to be
loaded. Note that files processed in this
way should contain only macro definitions,
no immediate output should be generated
from this file (see ENVIRONMENT).
-o file Set error log file (default is stderr).
-po<n> Shift output right n spaces (like .po).
-pn<n> Initial page number (like .pn).
-v Prints the version information to stdout.
+<n> Causes output to start with page n.
-<n> Causes output to stop after page n.
- Input from stdin.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
An alternate directory to find the files tmac.* ("." for example).
The default is c:\lib\tmac under TOS.
c:\lib\tmac\tmac.* predefined macros (see ENVIRONMENT) nroff.dbg debugging output stderr default error output stream stdout output stream
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
causes the following lines of text to appear in boldface.
The optional argument specifies the number of lines to be typed in boldface.
Boldface and underlining are mutually exclusive features.
The appearance of a boldface command will cause any underlining to cease.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
causes succeeding text to appear at the top of a new page.
The optional argument specifies the page number for the new page.
The initial value is one and the default value is one more than
the previous page number.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
causes succeeding text to start on a new line at the current left margin.
There is no numeric argument for this command.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
enables or disables the appearance of backspaces in the output text.
Underlining and boldface options are implemented by inserting
character - backspace - character combinations into the output buffer.
This is fine for devices which properly recognize the backspace character.
Some printers, however, do not recognize backspaces, so the option is
provided to overprint one line buffer with another.
The first line buffer is terminated with just a carriage return
rather than the carriage return - linefeed combination.
A zero argument or no argument to the backspace command removes
backspaces from the output.
A non-zero argument leaves them in the output.
The default is to remove backspaces.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
changes the nroff command character to that specified by the
character argument.
If no argument is provided, the default is a period.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
causes the next line of text to appear centered on the output.
The optional argument specifies if more than one line is to be centered.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
changes the nroff no break character to that specified by the
character argument.
If no argument is provided, the default is a single quote.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
causes all text and commands following to be used to define a macro.
The definition is terminated by a .en command or the
default .. terminator.
The first two characters of the argument following the .de
command become the name of the new command.
It should be noted that upper and lower case arguments are considered different.
Thus, the commands .PP and .pp could define two different macros.
Care should be exercised since existing commands may be redefined.
A macro may contain up to ten arguments. In the macro definition, the placement of arguments is designated by the two character sequences, $0, $1, ... $9. When the macro is invoked, each argument of the macro command line is substituted for its corresponding designator in the expansion. The first argument of the macro command is substituted for the $0 in the expansion, the second argument for the $1, and so forth. Arguments are typically strings which do not contain blanks or tabs. If an argument is to contain blanks, then it should be surrounded by either single or double quotes.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
causes the next line(s) of text to be continuously underlined.
Unlike the underline command (see .ul) which underlines only
alphanumerics, continuous underlining underlines all printable characters.
The optional argument specifies the number of lines of text to underlined.
Any normal underlining or boldface commands currently in effect will be
terminated.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
changes the nroff escape character to that specified by the
character argument.
If no argument is provided, the default is a backslash.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies the text for the footer on even numbered pages.
The format is the same as for the footer command (see .fo).
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies the text for the header on even numbered pages.
The format is the same as for the footer command (see .fo).
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
designates the end of a macro definition.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
causes the input text to be rearranged or filled to obtain the maximum
word count possible between the previously set left and right margins.
No argument is expected.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
causes the output buffer to be flushed immediately.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies text to be used for a footer.
The footer text contains three strings seperated by a delimiter character.
The first non-blank character following the command is designated
as the delimiter.
The first text string is left justified to the current indentation
value (specified by .in).
The second string is centered between the current indentation value
and the current right margin value (specified by .rm).
The third string is right justified to the current right margin value.
The absence of footer text will result in the footer being printed as
one blank line.
The presence of the page number character (set by .pc) in the footer
text results in the current page number being inserted at that position.
Multiple occurrances of the page number character are allowed.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
changes the current font.
The choices are R (Times Roman), I (Times Italic), B (Times Bold),
S (math special), and P used to request the previous font.
P resets the next previous font to be the one just changed, amounting to a swap.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies text to be used for a header.
The format is the same as for the footer (see .fo).
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
indents the left margin to the column value specified by the argument.
The default left margin is set to zero.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
causes blanks to be inserted between words in a line of
output in order to align or justify the right margin.
The default is to justify.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
sets the current line length. The default is eighty.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
sets the line spacing to the value specified by the argument.
The default is for single spacing.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies the number of lines in the header margin.
This is the space from the physical top of page to and including
the header text.
A value of zero causes the header to not be printed.
A value of one causes the header to appear at the physical top of page.
Larger argument values cause the appropriate number of blank
lines to appear before the header is printed.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies the number of blank lines to be printed between
the header line and the first line of the processed text.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies the number of blank lines to be printed between
the last line of processed text and the footer line.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies the number of lines in the footer margin.
This command affects the footer the same way the .m1
command affects the header.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies a number of lines which should not be broken across a page boundary.
If the number of lines remaining on a page is less than the
value needed, then a new output page is started.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies that succeeding text should be printed without
rearrangement, or with no fill.
No argument is expected.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies that no attempt should be made to align or justify the right margin.
No argument is expected.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
causes the value of a number register to be set or modified.
A total of twenty-six number registers are available designated
\na through \nz (either upper or lower case is allowed).
When the sequence \nc is imbedded in the text, the current value
of number register c replaces the sequence, thus, such things as
paragraph numbering can be accomplished with relative ease.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies the text for the footer on odd numbered pages.
The format is the same as the footer command (see .fo).
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies the text for the header on odd numbered pages.
The format is the same as the footer command (see .fo).
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies the page number character to be used in headers and footers.
The occurrance of this character in the header or footer text
results in the current page number being printed.
The default for this character is the percent sign (%).
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies the page length or the number of lines per output page.
The default is sixty-six.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies a page offset value.
This allows the formatted text to be shifted to the right by
the number of spaces specified.
This feature may also be invoked by a switch on the command line.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
changes the page number of the current page and all
subsequent pages to its argument. If no argument is given,
the command is ignored.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
causes input to be retrieved from the file specified
by the command's character string argument.
The contents of the new file are inserted into the output
stream until an EOF is detected.
Processing of the original file is then resumed.
Command nesting is allowed.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies a number of blank lines to be output before
printing the next line of text.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
temporarily alters the indentation or left margin value for a single
succeeding input line.
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
specifies text to be used for a page title.
The format is the same as for the header (see .he).
$0 $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
causes the next line(s) of text to be underlined.
Unlike the .cu command, this command causes only alphanumerics
to be underlined, skipping punctuation and white space.
Underline and boldface are mutually exclusive.
The escape sequences include:
\\ backslash character
\" beginning of comment
\(xx special character named xx
\fc font change (c = R,I,B,S,P)
\nx interpolate number register x
The special characters include:
\(co copyrite
\(rg registered
\(tm trademark
\(12 1/2
\(14 1/4
\(p2 exponent 2
\(p3 exponent 3
\(pn exponent n
\(aa acute
\(ga grave
\(de degree
\(dg dagger
\(ct cent
\(bu bullet
\(pp paragraph
\(^g ring bell
\(ua up arrow
\(da dn arrow
\(-> rt arrow
\(<- lf arrow
\(di divide
\(sr sq root
\(== ==
\(>= >=
\(<= <=
\(+- +-
\(~= ~=
\(ap approx
\(no not
\(mo memeber
\(ca intersect
\(cu union
\(*a alpha
\(*b beta
\(*g gamma
\(*d delta
\(*s sigma
\(*p pi
\(*m mu
Request Form Initial Default Notes Explanation -------------- ------- ------- ------- ---------------------- Font and Character Size Control .ps ±N 10pt prev E point size .ss N 12/36em ignored E space-char size .cs F N M off - P constant space mode .bd F N off - P embolden font F .bd S F N off - P embolden special font .ft F Roman prev E change to font F .fp N F R,I,B,S ignored - font F in position N Page Control .pl ±N 11in 11in v page length .bp ±N N=1 - B,v eject page .pn ±N N=1 ignored - next page number N .po ±N 0 prev v page offset .ne N - N=1V D,v need N vertical space .mk R none intern D mark current V in R .rt ±N none intern D,v return (up) to mark Text Filling, Adjusting, and Centering .br - - B break .fi fill - B,E fill mode .nf fill - B,E no fill or adjust .ad c adj,both adjust E adjust output, mode c .na adjust - E no adjust .ce N off N=1 B,E center N lines Vertical Spacing .vs N 1/6in prev E,p vert. baseline space .ls N N=1 prev E output N-1 Vs .sp N - N=1V B,v space vertical .sv N - N=1V v save vertical dist N .os - - D output saved vert dist .ns space - D no-space mode on .rs - - D restore spacing Line Length and Indenting .ll ±N 6.5i prev E,m line length .in ±N N=0 prev B,E,m indent .ti ±N - ignored B,E,m temporary indent Macros, Strings, Diversions, and Position Traps .de xx yy - .yy=.. - define macro xx .am xx yy - .yy=.. - append to macro xx .ds xx str - ignored - define string xx .as xx str - ignored - append to string xx .rm xx - ignored - remove macro, string .rn xx yy - ignored - rename macro, string .di xx - end D divert output to xx .da xx - end D divert and append to xx .wh N xx - - v set location trap .ch xx N - - v change trap location .dt N xx - off D,v set diversion trap .it N xx - off E set line count trap .em xx none none - end macro is xx Number Registers .nr R ±N M - u define and set num reg .af R c arabic - - assign format to reg .rr R - - - remove register Tabs, Leaders, and Fields .ta Nt ... 0.8 none E,m tab set .tc c none none E tab repeat char .lc c . none E leader repeat char .fc a b off off - set field delim, pad I/O Conventions and Character Translation .ec c - set escape char .eo on - - turn off escape mech .lg N - on - ligature mode if N>0 .ul N off N=1 E underline N lines .cu N off N=1 E cont. underline .uf F Italic Italic - underline font .cc c . . E set control char .c2 c ' ' E set nobreak control char .tr abcd... none - O translate a-b, etc Hyphenation .nh hyphen - E no hyphenation .hy N hyphen hyphen E hyphenate, N=mode .hc c E hyphanation char .hw word1 ... none ignored - exception words Three-part Titles .tl 'l'c'r' - - three-part title .pc c % off - page number char .lt ±N 6.5in prev E,m length of title Output Line Numbering .nm ±N M S I off E number mode .nn N - N=1 E do not number N lines Conditional Acceptance of Input .if c ... - - if condition c true .if !c ... - - if condition c false .if N ... - u if expression N>0 .if !N ... - u if expression N<=0 .if 's1's2' ... - - if strings identical .if !'s1's2' ... - - if strings differ .ie c ... - u if portion of if/else .ie !c ... - u if portion of if/else .ie N ... - u if portion of if/else .ie !N ... - u if portion of if/else .ie 's1's2' ... - u if portion of if/else .ie !'s1's2' ... - u if portion of if/else .el ... - u else portion of if/else Environment Switching .ev N N=0 prev - environment switched Insertions From the Standard Input .rd prompt - BEL - read insertion .ex - - - exit nroff Input/Output File Switching .so filename - - switch source file .nx filename EOF - next file .pi program - - pipe output to program Miscellaneous .mc c N - off E,m set margin char .tm string - newline - terminal message .ig yy - .yy=.. - ignore till call to yy .pm t - all - print macro names .fl - - B flush output buffer Notes B causes a break D mode or parameters associated with current diversion level E relevant parameters are a part of the current environment O must stay in effect until logical output P mode must be still or again in effect at time of physical output v,p,m,u default scale indicators
Adapted for atariST/TOS by Bill Rosenkranz 11/89 net: rosenkra@hall.cray.com CIS: 71460,17 GENIE: W.ROSENKRANZ Original author: Stephen L. Browning 5723 North Parker Avenue Indianapolis, Indiana 46220 History: - Originally written in BDS C - Adapted for standard C by W. N. Paul - Heavily hacked up to conform to "real" nroff by Bill Rosenkranz